Senior: 11 & 12: Unit 2: American Civil Rights (IA2)

POSSIBLE KEY QUESTION: How important was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in the progress of the Civil Rights Movement?

Sub-Question: What was the existing situation with segregation on public transport in Montgomery? 

Sub-Question: How did the protest progress?

Sub-Question: What was Rosa Park's role in the boycott?

Sub-Question: What was Martin Luther King's role in the boycott?

• Smithsonian Folkways Recordings: We Shall Overcome: Songs of the Freedom Riders and the Sit-Ins 
  Listen to the songs of the times - good primary sources!

• Songs for Teaching.com: Freedom Riders Got to Ride 
  A popular song for the Freedom Riders. Great primary source.

• Library of Congress: Anti-Freedom Rider (Cartoon) 

• King Institute, Stanford University: Freedom Rides 

• King Institute, Stanford University: Sit -ins, Freedom Rides 

• Swarthmore College : Freedom Riders end racial segregation in Southern U.S. public transit, 1961 

• Project Muse: Tracing the Movement's Path 

• Civil Rights Digital Library: WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a burned out Greyhound bus and injured Freedom Riders in the hospital in Anniston, Alabama, 1961 May 14 
  Excellent primary source.

• University of North Carolina: Freedom Rides of 1961 PowerPoint 

• U.S. History: Sit-ins for Civil Rights 

• Britannica: Sit-ins Movement

POSSIBLE KEY QUESTION: How did the activities of the Freedom Riders and Sit-ins bolster the U.S. Civil Rights Movement?

Sub-Question: Who were the leaders and partners of the Freedom Riders and Sit-in protesters?

Sub-Question: What methods did they use to desegregate interstate transportation?

Sub-Question: Who were the opponents to the Freedom Riders and Sit-in protesters, and what were their responses?

Sub-Question: What were the outcomes of these protests?

Christopher Newport University: Primary Sources: The 1960s: Selma to Montgomery March (1965)  

POSSIBLE KEY QUESTION: What was the significance of the Selma to Montgomery march in the civil rights movement?

Sub-Question: What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and what were its provisions?

Sub-Question: Why was Selma selected as the beginning of the march?

Sub-Question: What was Governor George Wallace's role in the march?

Sub-Question: What was the significance of Bloody Sunday? Look at this source as well. Or this one.

Sub-Question: What role did Martin Luther King play in the march?

Martin Luther King

• The Ethics Center: The King Philosophy
• Black Past: Martin Luther King
• King Institute: Martin Luther King Philosophy
• Biography.com: How Martin Luther King Jnr took inspiration from Gandhi on non-violence
• Martin Luther King Jnr Memorial
  Useful for assessment of MLK's legacy

SPEECHES and LETTERS:

• Black Past:(August 28, 1963) Martin Luther King Jnr., 'I have a dream'
• King Institute: (March 25, 1965) Selma, Alabama - Martin Luther King Jnr., 'Our God is marching on'
• Black Past: (April 3, 1968) Martin Luther King, Jnr., 'I've been to the mountaintop' 
• King Institute: Martin Luther King's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail'
• King Institute: Comments on 'Letter from Birmingham Jail'

   Martin Luther King ebook

Malcolm X

 This is an article from the New York Times)

• King Institute: Malcolm X
• Amistad Digital Resource
• Black Perspectives: The Antiracist Philosophy of Malcolm X
  Check for partisanship and underlying ideology.
• Edsitement: Malcolm X: A Radical Vision for Civil Rights
• The Ethics Centre: Big Thinker - Malcolm X
• History Co-Operative: By any means necessary - Malcolm X's controversial struggle for Black freedom
• Sutori: Malcolm X - The fight for equality, 'by any means necessary'.
• Malcolm X: Hero or history's footprint?
• The Autobiography of Malcolm X - by Alex Haley and Atallah Shabazz (1987). This article useful for how the 2 leaders appealed to different sections of their community.

SPEECHES:

• Black Past: (1964, April 3) Malcolm X - the ballot or the bullet 
  In this speech, Malcolm X advised African Americans  to judiciously exercise their right to vote, but he cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African Americans from attaining full equality, it might be necessary for them to take up arms. 
• Black Past: (1964, June 28) Malcolm's speech at the founding rally of the organisation of African American unity
• NewsOne: Five of Malcolm X's most iconic speeches
• Malcolm X: The ballot or the bullet - an analysis

    Malcolm X ebook
 

Martin Luther King AND Malcolm X

• Al Jazzera: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King 

• The American Experience: Martin Luther King and Malcolm X 

• Voices of a Generation: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. 

• Martin Luther King and Malcolm X on violence and integration

• New Political Science Journal: Violence and/or nonviolence in the success of the Civil Rights Movement - the Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jnr nexus 
  Excellent for how both leaders appealed to different audiences.

• Born in Montgomery: Martin Luther King and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, 1948-1960 
  PhD Dissertation. Accessed via History Reference Centre database.

• Phylon journal: Martin and Malcolm on Violence and Non-Violence 
  JSTOR database article.

• Ebony: Martin or Malcolm? The Hero in Black History 

• Al Jazzera: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King 

• The American Experience: Martin Luther King and Malcolm X 

• Voices of a Generation: Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. 

• Martin Luther King and Malcolm X on violence and integration 

• Political integration, Political Separation and the African-American Experience - MLK and MX on social change