Brisbane Boys' College Library: Senior: 11 &amp; 12: Unit 2: Inequalities of Income Distribution

Definitions

Policy:
A law, regulation, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions. Policy decisions are frequently reflected in resource allocations.

Solution:
An action or process of solving a problem OR an answer to a problem

Strategy:
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.

Inequality of Income Distribution - General

What is income inequality?

Income inequality in the unequal distribution of income in society. ACOSS and UNSW measure income inequality by dividing the population into groups of 20% by income, then into the highest 10%, 5% and 1% income groups, which are compared with the income of the lowest 20% income group. We look at the main drivers of income inequality by breaking income down into earnings, investment income, government income support payments and income tax; and we look at where different population groups, such as sole parents, people receiving JobSeeker Allowance, and people receiving income from superannuation are located on the income scale (ACOSS 2021).

2023 Australia Institute: Inequality on Steroids as Bottom 90% get just 7% of Economic Growth Since 2009

2023 Australia Institute: Income inequality surges as richest group gets more than 90 per cent of the gains, Australia Institute finds

UNSW Newsroom: Who is most impacted by inequality in Australia 2020?

ACOSS and UNSW: Inequality in Australia 2020 Part 1 - Impact of Covid on Income Inequality

ACOSS and UNSW: Inequality in Australia 2020 Part 2 - Who is affected and why?

APO: Inequality in Australia 2020 - Part 1, Overview

ABC News (Sep 2020): Rich getting richer and poor slipping further back, with youth inequality growing fastest, ACOSS says

Phys.org (Dec 2020): New report: Who is most impacted by inequality in Australia?

Sydney Morning Herald (Dec 2020): The rich, the comfortable middle and the rest: Australia’s wealth and income ladder revealed

The Guardian: Inequality is already rising in Australia - Tax cuts would entrench it for no economic reason (2020)

2018 Productivity Commission: Rising Inequality? A Stocktake of the Evidence

The Guardian: Australian Poverty in Graphs - It's a Desperate State of Affairs
Check out the excellent and up-to-date graph.

Roy Morgan: Wealth Inequality in Australia is Getting Worse

Probono Australia: Wealth Inequality in Australia on the Rise

ACOSS: Inequality in Australia 2018

Trends in Australia's Distribution of Income and Wealth 2018
By Whiteford, Peter, in Ecodate journal. 01/03/2018, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p3-11. 9p.

The Courier Mail: New report reveals reality of inequality in Australia

Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia 2018(University of Melbourne)

OECD Economics: Income wealth and earnings inequality in Australia - Evidence from the HILDA survey

Productivity Commission: Is Australia becoming more unequal? (May 2019)

Productivity Commission: Rising Inequality? A Stocktake of the Evidence

Productivity Commission: Highlights of 'Rising Inequality in Australia' Document
This document is the highlights package which gives an overview of the above document.

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2023 Consumer Group Topics

2022 National Indigenous Australians Agency: Income

2022 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Indigenous income and finance

2022 The Borgen Project: Challenges for Indigenous Australians

2021 Bloomberg: RBA Aims to Boost Job Outcomes for Indigenous Australians

2019 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Indigenous Income and Finance

2019-20 Parliament of Australia: Indigenous Affairs Overview

2020 School of Justice, UQ: 'Walking in 2 worlds' - a qualitative review of income management in Cape York

ABS: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Income, 2016

Cashless Welfare Card / Income Management Plans
Alternative Law Journal: Welfare meeting financial services - the cashless debit card dichotomy

Griffith Law Review: Cashless welfare transfers and Australia's First Nations - Redemptive or repressive violence?

2022 The Guardian: Labor promises to scrap ‘privatised’ cashless welfare card if elected

2020 School of Justice, UQ: 'Walking in 2 worlds' - a qualitative review of income management in Cape York

2022 The Guardian: Cashless debit card users able to opt out by October as Labor prepares to scrap program

2022 Department of Social Services: Changes to the cashless debit card

2022/August The Australian Financial Review: Labor confirms payments boost for more seniors

2022/August The Australian: ‘Tsunami of trauma’ if cashless debit card axed

2022/August The Australian: Laverton warns of grog-fuelled violence as cashless card goes

2022/August The Courier-Mail: Welfare payment drug and grog fear

Australian National University: Unpacking the income of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians: Wages, government payments and other income

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander profile - Household income

ANU University: Indigenous Income, Poverty and Inequality, 2016

Bridging Our Growing Divide: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders

Multidimensional Disadvantage of Australian Children
This study compares the well-being of indigenous with non-indigenous children in Australia.

Experiences of Racism and Socio Economic Status
Does Racism explain the gap between health and socioeconomic status among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?

2022 The Guardian: More affordable childcare would boost women’s retirement savings, report says

2022 Australian Institute of Family Studies; Child care package evaluation - Final report

2022 The Australia Institute: The economic benefits of high quality universal early childhood education

2020 McKell Institute: Why child care subsidy would strengthen Australia's economy

Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education
Sourced through google scholar this article discusses the positive effects that quality early childhood care and education has for the individual as well as their economic return.

2023 Gender pay gap remains a national shame
Journal article: Guardian, No. 2014, 11 Jul 2022, p.7

2023 UNSW: Why the key to bridging Australia's gender pay gap lies in statistics

May 2023 Courier-Mail: Gender job gap widens

2022 (December) Australian National University: Gender pay gap

2022 Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre: Gender equity insights 2022 - the state of inequality in Australia

2022 Australian Workplace Gender Authority: Australia's Gender Pay Gap Statistics

2022 KPMG: The gender pay gap nears $1 billion per week

2022 The Australian: Gender pay gap almost $1 billion a week

2022 9 News: Sex discrimination the leading cause in $1b-a-week gender pay gap, research reveals

2022 9 News: Gender pay gap myth busting: Why it's more than 'equal pay'

2022 ANU: Australia last in global gender pay gap reporting scorecard

2022 The Guardian: Gender pay gap narrows but Australian men still twice as likely as women to earn more than $120,000 a year

2022 Parliament of Australia: Wage developments in Australia
Scroll down to discussion of gender wage gap.

Degrees of separation: Gender pay gap revealed in university degrees
From The Courier-Mail, 22 September 2021.

AFR (April 2021): Economics, not ideology, will fix gender pay gap

AFR (June 2020): Recovery 'once in a generation' chance to fix gender inequity

Gender equality forefront of government agenda

Informit database: Gendered and generational inequalities in the gig economy

Australian Gender Pay Gap Statistics 2021

The Guardian: 5 ways to make the 2021 budget more female-friendly

Workplace Gender Equality Agency: Australia's Gender Pay Gap Statistics 2021

Equal Pay Day

ABS: Understanding Measures of the Gender Pay Gap

Inside Australia's Gender Pay Gap

Pay Gap and Gender Discrimination - No More Euphemisms

The Real Gender Pay Gap

Gender job gap widens

2023 Homelessness in Australia

2023 Homelessness Australia: A plan to end homelessness

2022 Salvation Army: Homeless statistics Australia

2022 Mission Australia: Mission Australia’s response to Report on Government Services 2022 - Housing and homelessness

2022 Launch Housing: Australian homelessness monitor

2022 Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (HURI): Recent reports tackle homelessness and unaffordable housing concerns across Australia

2022 Department of Social Services: Homelessness

2022 Ending homelessness in Australia - an evidence and policy deep dive

2022 Social Futures: Two new reports show the housing crisis is worsening

2022 ACOSS: Housing affordability takes a hit - regionally and globally

2022 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Housing affordability

PIAC helps 50,000 people out of debt
Sourced through Informit database

Services for People Experiencing Homelessness
Sourced from Informit database. This paper discusses the disaster impacts on service providers for people experiencing homelessness and the possible ways to mitigate severe effects.

Big Issue: Housing Ends Homelessness Modern Law Review: Reducing Homelessness or Re-Ordering the Deck Chairs?

The Conversation: Homelessness soars in our biggest cities, driven by rising inequality since 2001

Swinburne University of Technology: Homelessness Soars in our Biggest Cities

The Conversation: Why Australia’s homelessness problem is getting worse, despite a rise in housing stock

2022 ALP.org: More help for older Australians

ALP.org: Aged care policies

Klear Picture: Possible struggle for self-funded retirees

Association of Independent Retirees: 2022-23 Pre Budget Submission to the Federal Treasurer and the Department of Treasury - Budget Policy Division

ABS: Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia, July 2016 to June 2017

Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR):

Grattan Institute: Money in retirement - More than enough

2022 Unfair Dismissal Australia: What does being a casual employee mean?

2022 Parliamentary Library: Recent and long-term trends in the use of casual employment

2022 ABS: Characteristics of Employment, Australia

2022 News.com.au: Casual workers $350 worse off a week compared to full-time counterparts, Australian unions claim

Parliament of Australia: COVID-19: Impacts on casual workers in Australia—a statistical snapshot

Attorney-Generals Department: Changes to casual employment

The Guardian: Casual workers in Australia getting short-changed, research finds

ABC: Low wages are forcing Australians into insecure work, multiple jobs, ACTU says

Casual Workers Rights and Employer Obligations

Human Relations Journal: Casual Employment and Long-Term Wage Outcomes
From The Tavistock Institute

Around 7 million people – or 28% of the Australian population – live in rural and remote areas, which encompass many diverse locations and communities (ABS 2022c). These Australians face unique challenges due to their geographic location and often have poorer health outcomes than people living in metropolitan areas.

2022 ABS Income Inequality

2022 The Guardian: Australia’s highest and lowest income suburbs: how does your postcode compare?

2022 National Rural Health Alliance: Poverty in rural and remote Australia

2022 ABC News: Cost-of-living crisis forcing people in remote regions to give up fresh produce

2022 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Rural and remote Australians

2022 Australian Institute for Health and Welfare: Rural and remote health

2022 Pro Bono Australia: Affluent but unequal: how the urban-regional divide is affecting Australian children

2022/August The Australian: Rural jobs 'could solve shortage'

2020 Remote area tax concessions and payments - Productivity Commission Report

The Australian: One Nation and Pauline Hanson tap into a regional disconnect

Food Price Gap Shows Needs For Subsidies and Promo Deals in Rural and Remote Areas
Sourced through Informit database. This article discusses the cost of fresh, high quality foods in rural and remote areas compared to big cities.

Rural Health.org: Income Inequality Experienced by People in Rural and Remote Australia

Regional Austalia Institute: The indicators of, and impact of, regional inequality in Australia

ACTU: Regional Inequality in Australia and the Future of Work

Data Sets

We have a whole page devoted to finding data sets.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

Useful Databases

Australian Financial Review (only accessible on campus, without logins) This link opens in a new window
Newsstream Newspapers ( no passwords needed on campus; available from home with passwords) This link opens in a new window
Informit This link opens in a new window

Zotero Citation-Maker Program

Zotero Installation Guide
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Zotero Referencing

Inequality of Income in Australia 2023

by Jake Wishart of the Australia Institute, April 2023.

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Research Report Template and Guidelines

How to Insert In-Text References in Your Report

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Senior: 11 & 12: Unit 2: Inequalities of Income Distribution

Definitions

Policy: A law, regulation, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions. Policy decisions are frequently reflected in resource allocations.

Solution: An action or process of solving a problem OR an answer to a problem

Strategy: A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.

Inequality of Income Distribution - General

What is income inequality?

2023 Australia Institute: Inequality on Steroids as Bottom 90% get just 7% of Economic Growth Since 2009

2023 Australia Institute: Income inequality surges as richest group gets more than 90 per cent of the gains, Australia Institute finds

The Guardian: Australian Poverty in Graphs - It's a Desperate State of Affairs Check out the excellent and up-to-date graph.

Trends in Australia's Distribution of Income and Wealth 2018 By Whiteford, Peter, in Ecodate journal. 01/03/2018, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p3-11. 9p.

Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia 2018(University of Melbourne)

Productivity Commission: Is Australia becoming more unequal? (May 2019)

Productivity Commission: Highlights of 'Rising Inequality in Australia' Document This document is the highlights package which gives an overview of the above document.

MyBib Referencing Generator

MyBib is an online referencing generator to help you with in text references and your List of References.

Sign up for an account so that it will store the references for your assignment. Add it to your bookmark bar to find it quickly.

Install the Chrome extension to make your referencing even faster.

Make sure everything in your Reference List has a corresponding In-Text citation in the body of your essay.

Other Topics A to E

Skilled Workers and Income Inequality Sourced through the OECD website, this paper looks at the relationship of skilled workers and income inequality distribution.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019 Scroll down to p. 44 for 'Apprentices and Trainees'.

Qld Gov: Free apprenticeships for under 25s Skilled Workers and Income Inequality Sourced through the OECD website, this paper looks at the relationship of skilled workers and income inequality distribution.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019 Scroll down to p. 44 for 'Apprentices and Trainees'.

2022 Carers Australia: US report finds average lost earnings and superannuation is over $567,000 This piece was sourced from the Australian Council of Trade Unions

Income for Support Carers Sourced from Inform-it Database

Getting a Fair Go not Child's Play - News article identifying that the lower wage of child care workers reflects that gender pay gap in Australia. Sourced through EBSCO Host

Covid-19 and the policy-induced vulnerabilities of temporary migrant workers in Australia From Informit database

Finder: The impact of disability in Australia Socioeconomic Inequality in Mobility Decline in Chronic Disease Groups Sourced through JSTOR database, this article discusses the impact that socioeconomic status has on disabilities.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019 Scroll down to p. 45.

Financing Aged Care Sourced from JSTOR this paper discusses the increase in aged population over the coming years and the role of the government and financing.

2023 Consumer Group Topics

2022 National Indigenous Australians Agency: Income

Cashless Welfare Card / Income Management Plans Alternative Law Journal: Welfare meeting financial services - the cashless debit card dichotomy

Multidimensional Disadvantage of Australian Children This study compares the well-being of indigenous with non-indigenous children in Australia.

Experiences of Racism and Socio Economic Status Does Racism explain the gap between health and socioeconomic status among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?

Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education Sourced through google scholar this article discusses the positive effects that quality early childhood care and education has for the individual as well as their economic return.

2023 Homelessness in Australia

2023 Homelessness Australia: A plan to end homelessness

2022 Salvation Army: Homeless statistics Australia

2022 Mission Australia: Mission Australia’s response to Report on Government Services 2022 - Housing and homelessness

2022 Launch Housing: Australian homelessness monitor

2022 Department of Social Services: Homelessness

2022 Social Futures: Two new reports show the housing crisis is worsening

PIAC helps 50,000 people out of debt Sourced through Informit database

Services for People Experiencing Homelessness Sourced from Informit database. This paper discusses the disaster impacts on service providers for people experiencing homelessness and the possible ways to mitigate severe effects.

Policy:
A law, regulation, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions. Policy decisions are frequently reflected in resource allocations.

Solution:
An action or process of solving a problem OR an answer to a problem

Strategy:
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.

The Guardian: Australian Poverty in Graphs - It's a Desperate State of Affairs
Check out the excellent and up-to-date graph.

Trends in Australia's Distribution of Income and Wealth 2018
By Whiteford, Peter, in Ecodate journal. 01/03/2018, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p3-11. 9p.

Productivity Commission: Highlights of 'Rising Inequality in Australia' Document
This document is the highlights package which gives an overview of the above document.

Skilled Workers and Income Inequality
Sourced through the OECD website, this paper looks at the relationship of skilled workers and income inequality distribution.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019
Scroll down to p. 44 for 'Apprentices and Trainees'.

Qld Gov: Free apprenticeships for under 25s Skilled Workers and Income Inequality
Sourced through the OECD website, this paper looks at the relationship of skilled workers and income inequality distribution.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019
Scroll down to p. 44 for 'Apprentices and Trainees'.

2022 Carers Australia: US report finds average lost earnings and superannuation is over $567,000
This piece was sourced from the Australian Council of Trade Unions

Income for Support Carers
Sourced from Inform-it Database

Covid-19 and the policy-induced vulnerabilities of temporary migrant workers in Australia
From Informit database

Finder: The impact of disability in Australia Socioeconomic Inequality in Mobility Decline in Chronic Disease Groups
Sourced through JSTOR database, this article discusses the impact that socioeconomic status has on disabilities.

ACOSS: Minimum Wage Submission 2019
Scroll down to p. 45.

Financing Aged Care
Sourced from JSTOR this paper discusses the increase in aged population over the coming years and the role of the government and financing.